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Objective To quantitatively analyze the current status and development trends regarding the land use regression (LUR) models on ambient air pollution studies.Methods Relevant literature from the PubMed database before June 30,2017 was analyzed,using the Bibliographic Items Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB 2.0).Keywords co-occurrence networks,cluster mapping and timeline mapping were generated,using the CiteSpace 5.1.R5 software.Relevant literature identified in three Chinese databases was also reviewed.Results Four hundred sixty four relevant papers were retrieved from the PubMed database.The number of papers published showed an annual increase,in line with the growing trend of the index.Most papers were published in the journal of Environmental Health Perspectives.Results from the Co-word cluster analysis identified five clusters:cluster #0 consisted of birth cohort studies related to the health effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution;cluster #1 referred to land use regression modeling and exposure assessment;cluster #2 was related to the epidemiology on traffic exposure;cluster #3 dealt with the exposure to ultrafine particles and related health effects;cluster #4 described the exposure to black carbon and related health effects.Data from Timeline mapping indicated that cluster #0 and #1 were the main research areas while cluster #3 and #4 were the up-coming hot areas of research.Ninety four relevant papers were retrieved from the Chinese databases with most of them related to studies on modeling.Conclusion In order to better assess the health-related risks of ambient air pollution,and to best inform preventative public health intervention policies,application of LUR models to environmental epidemiology studies in Chinashould be encouraged.
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Objective To quantitatively analyze the current status and development trends regarding the land use regression (LUR) models on ambient air pollution studies.Methods Relevant literature from the PubMed database before June 30,2017 was analyzed,using the Bibliographic Items Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB 2.0).Keywords co-occurrence networks,cluster mapping and timeline mapping were generated,using the CiteSpace 5.1.R5 software.Relevant literature identified in three Chinese databases was also reviewed.Results Four hundred sixty four relevant papers were retrieved from the PubMed database.The number of papers published showed an annual increase,in line with the growing trend of the index.Most papers were published in the journal of Environmental Health Perspectives.Results from the Co-word cluster analysis identified five clusters:cluster #0 consisted of birth cohort studies related to the health effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution;cluster #1 referred to land use regression modeling and exposure assessment;cluster #2 was related to the epidemiology on traffic exposure;cluster #3 dealt with the exposure to ultrafine particles and related health effects;cluster #4 described the exposure to black carbon and related health effects.Data from Timeline mapping indicated that cluster #0 and #1 were the main research areas while cluster #3 and #4 were the up-coming hot areas of research.Ninety four relevant papers were retrieved from the Chinese databases with most of them related to studies on modeling.Conclusion In order to better assess the health-related risks of ambient air pollution,and to best inform preventative public health intervention policies,application of LUR models to environmental epidemiology studies in Chinashould be encouraged.
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The impact of maternal air pollution exposure on offspring health has received much attention. Precise and feasible exposure estimation is particularly important for clarifying exposure-response relationships and reducing heterogeneity among studies. Temporally-adjusted land use regression (LUR) models are exposure assessment methods developed in recent years that have the advantage of having high spatial-temporal resolution. Studies on the health effects of outdoor air pollution exposure during pregnancy have been increasingly carried out using this model. In China, research applying LUR models was done mostly at the model construction stage, and findings from related epidemiological studies were rarely reported. In this paper, the sources of heterogeneity and research progress of meta-analysis research on the associations between air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. The methods of the characteristics of temporally-adjusted LUR models were introduced. The current epidemiological studies on adverse pregnancy outcomes that applied this model were systematically summarized. Recommendations for the development and application of LUR models in China are presented. This will encourage the implementation of more valid exposure predictions during pregnancy in large-scale epidemiological studies on the health effects of air pollution in China.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate associations between carbon constituents of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected subjects from two communities by a system sampling, and 112 people aged over 60 years old without cardiovascular disease were recruited. The levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of objects, and personal exposure to PM2.5 were measured on December, 2011. Total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) of PM2.5 were detected and AIP was calculated according to its definition.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The value of AIP among the 112 subjects was 0.05 ± 0.26. Personal exposure concentration of PM2.5 and its carbon components (TC,OC and EC) were (164.75 ± 110.67), (53.86 ± 29.65), (44.93 ± 26.37) and (9.49 ± 5.75) µg/m(3), respectively. The Pearson analysis showed the linear relationship between TC,OC,EC and AIP, all significant positive correlations. The correlation coefficients were TC (r = 0.307, P < 0.05),OC (r = 0.287, P < 0.05) and EC (r = 0.252, P < 0.05), respectively. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that when the AIP risk categories were selected as dependent variable and low risk group as reference group, the regression coefficient of TC,OC and EC was separately 1.03 (95%CI:1.01-1.05), 1.03 (95%CI:1.01-1.05), 1.12 (95%CI:1.02-1.22) in the high risk group; while there was no statistical significance of the regression coefficient and OR in the middle risk group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was stable associations between the carbon constituents (TC,OC and EC) of fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and AIP. The findings suggested that carbon components of PM2.5 should be considered as risk factors of atherogenic.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Air Pollutants , Air Pollution , Atherosclerosis , Diagnosis , Epidemiology , Carbon , Cholesterol , Blood , Environmental Exposure , Particle Size , Particulate Matter , Risk Assessment , Triglycerides , BloodABSTRACT
Perfecting the low-class healthcare system is an important issue for the new round of medical reform in China.The major task of the low-class healthcare system is to be the first guard of people's health.This paper discusses the reasonable configuration of medical equipment and application of applied techniques in this system.
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Objective To observe the concentration change of 0.5% peracetic acid used as disinfectant in the indoor air. Methods KC-6D gas-sampler and ion chromatograph were employed and sampling interval time was 10-15 min, 7 samples were collected each time in both of the condition of closed and ventilated, the same experiment was repeated for 3 times. Results As the time went on, the concentration change of 0.5% peracetic acid in the indoor air increased from 6.24 mg/m3 to 20.72 mg/m3 in the condition of closed and decreased in the condition of ventilated from 6.92 mg/m3 to 3.36 mg/m3. Conclusion In a closed room of 20 m3, using 500 ml 0.5% peracetic acid, after 30 minutes of disinfection followed by 60 minutes of ventilation, the concentration of peracetic acid will be about 3.36 mg/m3 in the air of the room.
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Objective To investigate the exposure level of VOCs in different population and the health effects. Methods In 2005, a questionnaire survey relating to inhalation exposure assessment of VOCs and housing decoration characteristics was carried out in 200 newly decorated apartments (628 residents), 30 house decoration workers and 20 painting workers of an automobile manufacture factory. Indoor concentrations of formaldehyde, BTEX-compounds and TVOC were measured in typical apartments, offices, houses in where the decoration workers were operating, the painting workshops, and public indoor environments. Average daily exposure doses and potential doses for common people at home (non-occupational exposure group) and workers in occupational environments (occupational exposure group) to formaldehyde and BTEX-compounds and TVOC were estimated by combining the survey results with monitoring data. Results The percentages of whom having different discomfortable symptoms in the workers in the painting workshop were higher than that in common people (P
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Objective To examine the relationship of exposure and potential dose of human exposed to indoor and outdoor air pollutants. Methods The definition and calculation methods of exposure and potential dose were analyzed and compared. Personal exposure and potential dose of formaldehyde and carbon monoxide in indoor and outdoor air were calculated by scenario evaluation approach respectively, and the relationships between exposure and potential dose were analyzed also. Results Potential dose could much better accurately reflect the amount of air pollutants entering human body through respiratory tract than exposure did. Exposures and potential doses of human exposed to formaldehyde and carbon monoxide in indoor and outdoor air were significantly correlated in some cases, but not correlated well in other cases. Conclusion Potential dose might be more accurately linked to health effects of air pollutants than exposure did.